IP (Internet Protocol)

The Internet Protocol routes packets between hosts across interconnected networks. IPv4 (RFC 791, 1981) provides 32-bit addresses; IPv6 (RFC 8200) extends addressing to 128 bits and is mandatory for new mobile network deployments. IP is connectionless and best-effort; reliability and ordering are added by higher-layer protocols such as TCP and QUIC.

Categories: Roaming and InterconnectProtocols and StandardsOperations and Business

IP in context

Roaming and interconnect are where two operators, often with an IPX or GRX carrier in between, exchange signaling and user-plane traffic. Trust boundaries here are the primary attack surface for location tracking, SMS interception and fraud, which is why GSMA now mandates SEPP with PRINS on 5G interconnect.

Telecom security is written into standards from 3GPP, GSMA, ETSI, IETF and ITU-T. Understanding which body owns which specification, and how the specs interlock (for example 3GPP TS 33.501 with GSMA FS.34 for 5G SBA security), is essential for both design and audit work.

To place IP in the wider telecom-security picture, review 3GPP, VPN, GSMA Permanent Reference Documents (IR Series), ISUP, CAMEL and ZSM.

Related terms

Related topic hubs

  • Roaming Security IPX/GRX interconnect risk, home-routed vs local-breakout, SEPP.

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