Local Loop Unbundling (LLU)

Local Loop Unbundling is the regulatory requirement (in many markets) that the incumbent carrier rent access to the local copper or fibre loops to competing operators at cost-based rates, allowing alternative providers to deliver services without building their own last-mile infrastructure. LLU has been a central tool of broadband market liberalisation in Europe and elsewhere.

Categories: Internet and Routing

Local Loop Unbundling (LLU) in context

Telecom networks depend on Internet-style routing (BGP, DNS, MPLS) for interconnect. Route hijacks and DNS abuse can degrade or intercept signaling, which is why RPKI and DNSSEC are now standard hardening for carrier networks.

To place Local Loop Unbundling (LLU) in the wider telecom-security picture, review 3G, 3GPP, A5/1, A5/2, A5/3 and ASN — each entry cross-references back to this page so you can walk the topic in either direction.

Related terms

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